We can see that the Earth is round because the ancient Greeks discovered it over 2,000 years ago. In fact, you can also see the round shape of the earth when you look at ships and boats. This article explains three observable proofs of the earth’s round shape. Author Michelle Thaller has a Twitter account and has argued that Earth is round since ancient times. She claims that the moon’s shadow during eclipses and the difference between night skies in the northern and southern hemispheres are proof of a rounded Earth.
Arguments in favor of a sphere
In this article, I will focus on the functions of argument, especially its role in agenda expansion, responsibility attribution, and identity formation. I will then turn to some of the criticisms leveled at public-sphere argumentation. I will argue that the functions of argument remain largely healthy. And I will demonstrate that these functions are not in conflict with other reasons to promote an egalitarian public sphere. The argument, in my view, is ultimately about the role of argumentation in the public sphere.
As a smooth surface, a sphere has a curvature equal to 1/r2. This curvature is independent of the sphere’s embedding in three-dimensional space, so it cannot be projected onto a plane without distortion. A position vector is the tangent plane of a point, while the outward-facing normal vector is the position vector scaled by 1/r. In addition, according to the filling-area conjecture, a sphere is the optimally shaped filling of a Riemannian circle.
Evidence that the earth is round
One way to test whether the earth is round is to watch the sun set and then look to the horizon. Try laying down and watching the sun disappear. Once the sun disappears, stand up. You should notice that the earth is round! This experiment was invented by the Greek philosopher Eratosthenes. This man lived between 276 and 194 BCE and used the principle of shadow length to calculate the Earth’s circumference.
Early humans thought the earth was flat or shaped like a disk floating in an ocean. Other theories included that it was hemispherical and flat. Some ancient civilizations did not accept the idea that the earth was flat or round. This belief was rejected for centuries until the Renaissance. Later, adventure seekers wanted to circumnavigate the earth and prove that it is a sphere. Today, the earth is round — and we can thank the Greek philosophers for that!
The earliest evidence that the Earth is round was discovered by the ancient Greeks. The Greeks were the first to use this method to determine its round shape. They used sticks placed in various locations, where one stick had no shadow when the sun was directly overhead, and another one cast a shadow when the sun was 500 miles to the north. Socrates’s observations were sufficient proof that the Earth is round. There are many examples of scientific and natural phenomena that confirm the roundness of the Earth.
Another example of evidence for the roundness of the earth is the fact that the sun rises and sets in the same location on each side of the world. When the sun sets, half the earth is illuminated, while the other half is completely dark. This is a good example of proof that the earth is round. There are many more examples of this phenomenon, which are important for our understanding of space and time. So, it’s time to stop arguing and start believing that the Earth is round.
Other evidence for the roundness of the earth comes from the way we experience it. A deep well near the equator in the Egyptian city of Syene reflected the sun at midday. The reflection at the bottom of the well also confirmed the theory. It was only eight degrees in the opposite direction at Alexandria. This observation is the most accurate proof to date. You can find such evidence if you do a little critical thinking.
Moon’s shadow during eclipses
The circular shape of the shadow cast by the earth on the surface of the Moon during an eclipse has long been the most compelling evidence that the Earth is round. Ancient societies such as the Greeks and the Romans were convinced of the spherical nature of our planet after seeing a lunar eclipse. In 350 BC, Aristotle wrote that «the earth is spherical.»
To understand how the shadows of the Earth and Moon are created, one must first understand how eclipses work. Each shadow is made up of two parts: a dark cone and a diffuse region. When an object enters the umbra, it casts the most dramatic eclipse. Figure 4.21 shows the appearance of the shadow cast by the Earth and Moon. The circular shadow created by the Earth reaches the Moon in two parts, the penumbra and the umbra.
Another compelling proof that the earth is round is the shadow cast by the moon during eclipses. When the Earth passes between the moon and the sun, it casts its shadow on the Moon in the night sky. Although partial eclipses are not visible, the shadow cast by the Moon during a total eclipse is quite distinct. Therefore, most people are attracted to mysteries. However, the truth may have scared many flat-earthers.
A lunar eclipse is a stunning example of this phenomenon. When the Moon passes between the Earth and the Moon, it casts a ring of reddish-orange light around the Earth. The amount of red light scattered depends on the dust in the Earth’s atmosphere, but a dustier atmosphere reduces the number of other wavelengths, which results in a darker ring of light around the dark sphere of the Moon.
Aristotle also saw that the Earth’s shadow was curved during lunar eclipses. This would happen even if the earth rotates around the sun. Thus, if the earth were spherical, the sides of the moon would always lie in the same position. It would also make sense if the earth were flat, and so the earth had a sphere in the middle.
Difference between night skies in northern and southern hemispheres
If you are wondering about the difference between the night skies in the northern and southern hemispheres, then you’ve come to the right place. While the night skies of the two hemispheres are the same, you’ll have to change your point of reference to view the stars and constellations of the opposite hemisphere. Because of the difference in latitudes, observing the night sky in one hemisphere will be more challenging in the opposite hemisphere.
One of the main differences between the night sky in the Northern and Southern Hemispheres is the way the Moon appears in calendars. In the Northern Hemisphere, the lit-up portion of the First Quarter Moon appears on the right of the calendar, while the lit-up half is on the left. Likewise, the Northern Hemisphere’s night skies differ in their patterns, which are similar but not identical.
The Southern Hemisphere is a great place to see dense regions of stars. For example, the Milky Way is directly overhead at a latitude of -30 degrees south, whereas in the Northern Hemisphere, the galactic center appears farther away and gets washed out by the Sun during the day. This can create very different viewing conditions. It’s best to get outside and observe the night sky in both hemispheres, because both have different constellations and astronomical objects.
The Southern Hemisphere doesn’t have a ‘Southern Star’ like the Northern. Instead, the Southern Hemisphere has a few unique circumpolar constellations. These include Carina, Crux, and Centaurus. The Southern Cross is also an unusual constellation in the Northern Hemisphere. These constellations can be seen all year long. During the winter months, the southern circumpolar constellations are not visible, but are easily identifiable.
If you’ve been thinking of creating a new world, this is the time to think outside the box. Think of strange animals that look like aliens and deep-water sea life that doesn’t exist. Then figure out who the top predator is, and how everything lives together. You can even create a world where people live under lava beds. The sky is the limit, and you can create creatures that live both in solid and in light.
Create a world that is not Earth-like
When creating a fantasy world, there are several things to keep in mind. If the planet has a temperate climate, consider using the concept of seasons. Earth has four seasons, but the planets in your fantasy world may only have two or one. The temperature of your world will also depend on its climactic zone. You can also tie in day/night concepts to your fantasy world. To make your world more unique, you can create a mythical race.
A fantasy world that is not Earth-like can also be challenging to create. While it is easy to get caught up in the details of the setting and its characters, it can be tedious to create an entirely new world. Creating a world that is unlike Earth can help you to build a world that is rich in details and has a strong internal consistency. In addition, it can give you more time to work on the plot and characters.
Creating a fantasy world that is not Earth like involves imagining what life would be like on the planet. Think about what might be on your planet, like how many different races of humans and aliens live there. For example, your planet may have grapevines that excrete blood, or a wildebeest that grows only two inches tall. The possibilities are endless! If you are stuck writing a fantasy novel, there is no better time to start thinking about a different planet.
Besides being Earth-like, a fantasy world can also be a little different. In the same way that we use the word «fantasy» to describe the world, fantasy also has a different lexicon. Its wording is different than ours. The lexicon of a fantasy world will be different from ours, and it will be difficult to understand it without some background.
Avoid retrograde stereotypes
It’s common to avoid retrograde stereotypes in your fantasy world. For example, people with dark skin should inhabit a tropical world, but don’t let that stop you from using darker-skinned people. Readers will often take the ethnicity of your characters as a real-world group. And reversing all stereotypes is cliché, but you can play with them by using alternative ethnicity as an alternate.
Create a world with continents, countries and islands
It’s not necessary to study geography or geology to create a world map. However, knowing the basic processes of land formation is helpful. Having an idea of where each continent, country and island is likely to be located will help you place them on the map more accurately. Several scientific theories exist to explain the formation of continents. The two most commonly used theories are the continental drift theory and the movement of plate tectonics. The former states that continents are continually moving landforms, while the latter suggests that continents used to be connected.
Creating continents and countries for your fantasy world is not as difficult as you might think. To start, you’ll need to gather the materials for your continents and countries. First, you’ll need to clear a workspace. Then, use a pencil and trace the shapes on the map that represent continents, countries, and islands. After this, you’ll need to decide what kind of continents your world will have.
After deciding on a continent, country, and island layout, you’ll need to think about how people and animals live in the different environments. There’s no right or wrong way to do this. Think about which animals and plants will live in the ocean, under the lava, and on the land. It’s all about the details and how they fit together to form the world you want.
Once you’ve decided on continents, countries, and islands, the next step is to consider climate. While it may sound complex, creating a climate on your fantasy world doesn’t require any complicated math. Identifying two extreme points on your map will help you create a climate in your fantasy world. Coldest regions of your fantasy world will usually be high mountainous regions covered in snow, while hotter regions will be lowlands with vegetation.
Once you’ve determined the terrain, you can then create features like rivers. A river should always flow downstream. Mountains and other elevated areas should be inaccessible to rivers, but it should flow on the side of them. Similarly, a waterfall will indicate that the terrain is falling downwards. To create a fantasy world with mountains and islands, consider the following principles. For example, a land in a fictitious world may be more dangerous than what we might imagine.
Include magic
While creating a fantasy world, you must include magic in the story. Magical events must be real and have rules, but they can also be abstract. Whether your characters are part of a magical world or not, they must follow these rules. It is important to remember that your characters should always obey the laws of their political environment. Make sure that these rules are obvious and aren’t lost in the fantasy world you are creating.
The next time you write a fantasy book, consider whether the characters know or can learn magic. In this case, the protagonist will need to overcome their natural inclinations. In the same way, the protagonist should be able to learn magic. In addition, you should distinguish between intrinsic and extrinsic magic. Besides, you can use different magic systems, like spells and elves, and make a distinction between good and bad magic.
To include magic in your fantasy story, you should create a realistic-world setting. Using sensory details in your story will make your readers feel rooted in the story and make it relatable. If your world has different religions and politics, you can use the magic system to drive conflict within your story. If you have a story that involves magic, make sure it is a compelling one. Otherwise, the reader will lose interest in the story.
One of the most difficult aspects of creating a fantasy story is including magic in your story. Magic has a very real effect on the physical world. In the Harry Potter series, J.K. Rowling created the Ministry of Magic, which penalizes wizards for using magic near muggles. To create a fantasy world that is rich in magic, think about power, learning, adventure, and conflict. Providing the reader with reasons to wonder is essential.
A good way to include magic in your story is to make characters with powers that help them overcome problems. A lot of fantasy novels revolve around witchcraft, and witchcraft is not an uncommon part of the world. Similarly, humans can use elemental magic. The difference is that they can become mages and get special names to distinguish themselves from witches. And, of course, magic does not come from nowhere, it can be depleted, replenished, and abused.